What methods can be used to increase the lifespan of bearings?

Correct selection of type

Reasonable load calculation: Based on the actual operation of the equipment, accurately calculate the radial load, axial load and combined load that the bearing is subjected to. Comprehensively consider the size, direction and nature of the load (such as constant load, alternating load, impact load, etc.), and select the type and specification of the bearing that can withstand the corresponding load. 

Consider the working environment: Select appropriate bearing materials and protective forms based on different working environment conditions. For instance, in high-temperature environments, ceramic bearings or special alloy steel bearings that can withstand high temperatures can be chosen; in environments with corrosive media, stainless steel bearings or those with anti-corrosion coatings should be selected. 

Reference speed requirements: According to the speed requirements of the equipment, select the appropriate type and precision grade of bearings. Generally speaking, ball bearings are suitable for higher speed applications, while roller bearings are suitable for situations where large loads are to be borne but the speed is relatively low. 

Installation and Assembly 

Ensure installation accuracy: When installing bearings, strictly follow the operating procedures to ensure the fit accuracy between the bearing and the shaft as well as the bearing housing. Use appropriate installation tools and avoid rough handling. Methods such as hydraulic press-fitting or heating installation can be adopted to ensure the bearing is properly installed without damage. 

Ensure correct clearance: Excessive or insufficient clearance will affect the service life of the bearing. During installation, the appropriate clearance should be adjusted according to the type of bearing, working conditions and other factors. The clearance can be controlled by measurement, adjusting the thickness of the shim or using preloading methods. 

Note the installation sequence: For some complex bearing installation structures, pay attention to the installation sequence to ensure that each component is installed in the correct position. For example, when installing multi-row bearings or bearings with seals, spacers, and other components, follow the specified sequence to avoid installation errors. 

Lubrication and Sealing

Select the appropriate lubricant: Based on the working conditions of the bearing, such as speed, load, temperature, and working environment, choose the appropriate lubricant. For bearings operating at high speed and light load, lubricating oil with a lower viscosity can be selected; for bearings operating at low speed and heavy load, lubricating oil or grease with a higher viscosity should be chosen.
Regularly replenish and replace lubricants: Establish a regular lubrication maintenance system. According to the equipment's operating time or working hours, regularly inspect and replenish lubricants. At the same time, pay attention to observing the quality of the lubricants. If any deterioration or contamination is found, replace them promptly.
Optimize sealing design: Adopt effective sealing methods to prevent external impurities, moisture, etc. from entering the bearing interior, and at the same time prevent the leakage of lubricants. Common sealing forms include contact seals and non-contact seals. The appropriate sealing form can be selected based on specific working conditions, and the installation quality and reliability of the sealing parts must be ensured.

Operation and Maintenance 

Monitor the operating status: By installing vibration monitors, temperature sensors and other equipment, the operating status of the bearings is monitored in real time. Once the vibration value, temperature and other parameters of the bearings exceed the normal range, timely analysis and handling should be carried out to prevent the fault from further expanding. 

Control working conditions: Try to maintain a stable working environment for the bearings, avoiding excessively high or low temperatures, excessive humidity, intense vibration and shock, and other harsh working conditions. For equipment that is easily affected by environmental factors, corresponding protective measures can be taken, such as installing cooling devices and shock absorbers. 

Regular inspection and maintenance: Develop a detailed equipment maintenance plan and conduct regular inspections and maintenance of bearings. Inspection items include the appearance of the bearings, wear conditions, changes in clearance, and lubrication status, etc. Clean the dust, oil stains and other impurities on the surface of the bearings in a timely manner, and repair or replace the bearings in a timely manner if any problems are found. 

System optimization 

Improve equipment design: From the perspective of the overall equipment design, optimize the installation structure and force application mode of the bearings to reduce the additional stress and deformation they bear. For instance, rationally design the stiffness of the shaft and the support structure to prevent the deflection of the shaft from adversely affecting the bearings. 

Enhance system stability: Ensure that the entire transmission system of the equipment has good stability and balance, reducing the impact of system vibration, imbalance and other issues on the service life of bearings. Regularly inspect and maintain related components such as motors and gearboxes to ensure their good operating conditions.